IUPAC e-press 21 July 2003
IN THIS ISSUE....
IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists - 2004 Solicitation
The entry deadline for the 2004 IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists is February
1, 2004.
<http://www.iupac.org/news/prize.html>
PUBLICATIONS
Lectures from the XXth International Conference on Organometallic Chemistry
published in the April edition of Pure and Applied Chemistry
<http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7504/index.html>
Lectures from the International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry
published in the May edition of Pure and Applied Chemistry
<http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7505/index.html>
IUPAC TECHNICAL REPORTS
- Critical Evaluation of Stability Constants
for -Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Complexes with Protons and Metal Ions and the
Accompanying Enthalpy Changes, Part II: Aliphatic 2-Hydroxycarboxylic
Acids
- <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7504/7504x0495.html>
- Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment
- <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7505/7505x0631.html>
- The Atomic Weights of The Elements: Review 2000
- <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7506/7506x0683.html>
- Critical Review of Analytical Applications Of Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Illustrated by Mineralogical and Geological Examples
- <http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7506/7506x0801.html>
IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists - 2004 Solicitation
The IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists has been established to encourage
outstanding young research scientists at the beginning of their careers.
The prize will be given for the most outstanding Ph.D. thesis in the general
area of the chemical sciences, as described in a 1000-word essay. IUPAC
awards up to four prizes annually, each prize consisting of USD 1000 cash
and subsidized travel expenses to the next IUPAC Congress. Prizes are
presented biennially at the IUPAC Congress.
Entrants must have received their Ph.D. (or equivalent) degree, or completed
all Ph.D. requirements, including successful defense of the doctoral thesis,
during the 2003 calendar year.
The research described in the entrant's thesis must be in the field of the
chemical sciences, defined as "chemistry and those disciplines and technologies
that make significant use of chemistry", and the work must have been performed
while the entrant was a graduate student.
The deadline is February 1, 2004 for entrants who receive their Ph.D.s (or
equivalent) degrees during the calendar year 2003. <http://www.iupac.org/news/prize.html>
Lectures from the XXth International Conference on Organometallic Chemistry
At the 20th International Conference on Organometallic Chemistry, chemists
approaching organometallic chemistry from all branches of chemistry emerged
from all over the world. Six of the plenary lectures from the conference
are published in the IUPAC journal Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Prominent scientists in the field of organometallic chemistry spoke about
the synthesis of organometallic compounds recognized for their remarkable
structures, the clarification of theoretical matters, and the use of organometallic
substances as “functional compounds”.
Discussions include the synthesis of novel olefin metathesis catalysts,
which are applied to the synthesis of coumarins. An account is offered
of the synthesis of a remarkable novel class of organometallic compounds,
the hybrid ferrocene/fullerenes. The relatively young category of nonphosphorus
spectator ligands, the N-heterocyclic carbenes of imidazolium ion is explored,
leading to the design of robust catalytic systems and, perhaps, to a better
understanding of the structure of certain metalloenzymes. There is a focused
discussion on functional metallodendrimers and other nanoscale functional
organometallics, and a review of bond activation via organometallic catalysis,
including the rather unusual catalytic methylene transfer and the novel class
of metallaquinones. Another topic includes the synthesis of cyclopentadienyl
p-block elements and their bonding, although the article includes chemistry
of much broader interest and scope.
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75(4), pp. 421-494, 2003
Conference Editor, Constantinos G. Screttas
<http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7504/index.html>
Lectures from the International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry
The 16th International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry (ICPOC-16)
was held on the campus of the University of California at San Diego, La Jolla,
California, USA. Participants came from a total of 30 different countries.
The Plenary lectures presented at the conference are contained in the May
issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Physical organic chemistry has progressed greatly from its origins in a
narrow area of kinetics and mechanisms of reactions in solution. As one of
the early examples of the success of an interdisciplinary approach, it continues
to break down the barriers between the various fields of chemistry, and it
has created an intellectual framework for much of current chemistry.
Main topics include nanotechnology, the analysis of the relation between
structure and biochemical function, and gas-phase and solution reactivity
and structure. Computational modeling was applied to many topics, including
reaction dynamics and radical intermediates. Other papers presented novel
instrumental techniques such as atomic-force microscopy, which was applied
to single-molecule studies of protein unfolding and to carbohydrate-binding
interactions.
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75(5), pp. 541-630, 2003
Conference editor, Charles L. Perrin
<http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7505/index.html>
Critical Evaluation of Stability Constants for -Hydroxycarboxylic Acid
Complexes with Protons and Metal Ions and the Accompanying Enthalpy Changes,
Part II: Aliphatic 2-Hydroxycarboxylic Acids
R. Portanova, L. Lajunen, M. Tolazzi, J. Piispanen
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75(4), pp. 495-540, 2003
The hydroxycarboxylic acids and their derivatives are important chemicals
in the pharmaceutical, biological, food, and general industrial chemical
fields. Various hydroxycarboxylic acids occur naturally. The technological,
practical and industrial applications of these compounds have led to numerous
studies of their properties and characteristics.
<http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7504/7504x0495.html>
Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment
J. Lintelmann, A. Katayama, N. Kurihara, L. Shore, A. Wenzel
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75(5), pp. 631-681, 2003
The possibility that some chemicals may disrupt the endocrine systems in
humans and animals has received considerable attention in the scientific
and public communities. Endocrine disruption is on the agenda of many
experts’ groups, as well as on those of the steering committees and panels
of governmental organizations, industry, and academia throughout the world.
Because the disturbance of the endocrine system is a very sensitive topic,
scientific findings or observations are often controversially discussed among
scientists, environmentalists, and authorities. Therefore, the aim
of this technical report is to provide a science-based interim insight into
endocrine disruption caused by chemicals, with special emphasis on ecological
well-being. Owing to the complexity of this topic and the tremendous
scientific research in this field, only a general overview can be given,
but be may beneficial and helpful for interested parties of academia who
wish to be informed.
<http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7505/7505x0631.html>
The Atomic Weights of The Elements: Review 2000
J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka,
H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman, and P. D. P.Taylor
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75(6), pp. 683-799, 2003
Atomic weights were once considered to be constants of nature and were determined
by mass-ratio measurements coupled with an understanding of chemical stoichiometry,
but they are now based almost exclusively on knowledge of the isotopic composition
(derived from isotope-abundance ratio measurements) and the atomic masses
of the isotopes of the elements. Technological advances in mass spectrometry
and nuclear-reaction energies have permitted measurements of atomic masses
with a relative uncertainty of better than 1 X 10-7
and of isotope-abundance ratios to better than 1 X 103
in many cases. The improving accuracy and precision of such measurements
led to the discovery that many elements exhibit variation in their isotope-abundance
ratios (and atomic weights) in different specimens. These variations
are caused by a variety of physicochemical and biochemical processes in both
natural and industrial systems, they place severe constraints on the uncertainties
with which some standard atomic weights can be stated, and they were once
considered a hindrance to the accuracy of chemical measurements. Subsequently,
however, these variations have been recognized as powerful tools for investigating
important phenomena in physics, chemistry, biology, cosmology, geology, archeology,
industry, forensics, and many other fields of study. “The Atomic Weights
of the Elements: Review 2000” documents the evolution of two major perspectives
in atomic-weight science during the 20th
century: (1) increasingly precise measurements of isotope-abundance ratios
and atomic weights with ties to the SI (metrology), and (2) discovery and
application of isotope-abundance variations in science and technology.
<http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7506/7506x0683.html>
Critical Review of Analytical Applications Of Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Illustrated by Mineralogical and Geological Examples
E. Kuzmann, S. Nagy, and A. Vértes
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75(6), pp. 801-858, 2003
A new terminology for Mössbauer pattern analysis has been developed
in order to enhance the performance of qualitative analysis by Mössbauer
spectroscopy. Mössbauer parameters are considered as a function of a
number of externally adjusted experimental parameters at which the spectrum
has been recorded. The basis of analytical classification is the microenvironment,
which is determined by an assembly of atoms causing the same hyperfine interactions
at one particular class of the Mössbauer probe atoms. Since Mössbauer
spectroscopy measures hyperfine interactions very sensitively, the microenvironment
presents itself as a fundamental concept for analytical purposes.
<http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7506/7506x0801.html>
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