Pesticide Leaching in Polders: Field and Model Studies on Cracked
Clays and Loamy Sand
Klaas R Groen. Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat. Directoraat-Generaal
Rijkswaterstaat. Directie Ijsselmeergebied. Lelystad 1997. ISBN 90-369-1209-1.
This book deals with the topic of the role of models in the evaluation
of the environmental fate of pesticides as well as the management
and assessment of the risk related to their use, taking into account
a very specific condition: pesticide leaching in polder areas. The
study is divided in two parts: 1) data collection, and 2) development
and application of a model for simulation of pesticide transport.
The field study was carried out in three experimental areas, situated
in the IJsselmeerpolders, differing in soil characteristics (loamy
sands and cracked clay soils). The research program took into account
four pesticides, 1,3-dichloropropene, metamitron, aldicarb, and simazine.
The scenario analysis showed that pesticide and soil characteristics,
time of application, lateral boundary conditions, and weather conditions
are all factors affecting the amount concentrating in the drain pipes
and, thereby, the fraction available for leaching. Moreover, it gave
fundamental information on the measures to be taken in order to reduce
leaching, as follows: 1) allowing pesticide application only during
a certain period; 2) increasing drain depth; and 3) decreasing preferential
flow by increasing the ploughing depth.
Even though it concerns a very specific subject, this study offers
a lot of general information to the reader. It is recommended not
only to field experts but also to all those dealing with environmental
problems related to pesticide use.
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